Page 7.1 ( 2831)
IFR Contents (WWII History at end)
Return to WhittSflying

A Collection of IFR Material 
35+ Major Topic Areas followed by over 950 sub topics)
.7.12 IFR PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS
..7.14 Checklists
..7.16.IFR Training
..7.18Not a Problem IFR Flying
..7.21.No Problem Flying
  7.22 More No Problem Flying
..7.23 IFR in Four Thousand Words

..7.24.IFR Instruments 
..7.26.IFR Emergencies
..7.28 IFR Systems
..7.29 IFR Systems Equipment
...7.3  Pattern C Diagram (Used inWWII)  GO to FOLDER LIST

...7.311Instrument Procedures Handbook 2004
...7.312Takeoff and Departure
...7.313Route Procedures
...7.314Arrivals
...7.315Approaches
...7.316System Improvement Plans
.
 7.32 IFR Procedures  
  7.34 IFR ADDED PROCEDURES
..7.36.IFR Missed Approaches  
..7.38 IFR Still More Procedures  
..7.42 All about Minimums
  7.44 IFR SCANNING

..7.46 IFR Flight Lessons  
. 7.48 More IFR Flight Lessons  
..7.52.Illusions
..7.54.IFR Radio
..7.56 Holding
..7.58.DME ILS
  7.62 ALL OTHER APPROACHES
..7.63 GPS and RVAV

..7.64 Instrument Proficiency Review
..7.66.PTS Oral
..7.68.PTS IFR Oral
..7.72.Checkrides
..7.74.IFR Student Lessons  
 
. 7.80 Want to be a CFI
..7.81Flight Instructor Training Module
  7.84 Commercial

 7.92 through 7.94 Gene Whitt's WWII at bottom

The material below consists of a search index for all the IFR sub-topics on the site. 
  Page 7.12 IFR Practical Test Standards 
An abbreviation of the Practical Test Standards. Some omissions have occurred. Refer to FAA-S-8081-4A
10 Required Logbook Entries for Instrument Rating; Required Flight Proficiency; New IR PTS; IFR Endorsements; Reasons for PTS Checkride Failure; Obtaining Weather Information; Cross-Country Flight Planning; Aircraft Systems Related to IFR Operation; Aircraft Flight Instruments and Navigation Equipment; Instrument Cockpit Check; Air Traffic Control Clearances; Compliance with Departure, En route, and Arrival Procedures and Clearances; Holding Procedures; Straight-and-Level Flight; Change of Airspeed; Constant Airspeed Climbs and Descents; Rate Climbs and Descents; Timed Turns to Magnetic Compass Headings; Steep Turns; Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes; Intercepting and Tracking VOR Radials and DME Arcs; Intercepting and Tracking NDB; VOR Instrument Approach Procedure; NDB Instrument Approach Procedure; ILS Instrument Approach Procedure; Missed Approach Procedures; Circling Approach Procedure; Landing from a Straight-in or Circling Approach Procedure; The Written;

Page 7.14 Checklists
Air Force Manual; IFR Preflight; Approach Checks; Departure/Approach Briefings; When in Need, Pop-up; Pop-up CCR; Avoiding Overload; Jeppeson Briefing Strip; Checklist Waiting for Assembly; IFR Checklist; Teaching IFR Flight Planning; IFR Flight Planning; Preflight Checklist; Instrument Takeoffs; Altitude Checklist; Aircraft at Cruise; Pre-approach Checklists; Pre-approach/Pre-departure; Pre-approach Checklist; IFR Lost Communications; Seven T's; Six T's; Five T's; MALHIC; Lapboard Spaces; Cockpit Resource Management; Developing an IFR Checklist; Charted Items; Required Reporting Points; One Pilot's IFR Checklist; IFR Landing Checklist; Develop Your Own IFR Checklist; Aircraft Operational Quick Reference Chart; VOR Test Record; IFR Checklist; Making a Visual Descent Point; Missed Approach; Cockpit Preparation; The Operational Master List; Pre-Start Clearance Taxi;  IFR Checklists; Checkpoint and Final Approach Fix; Actual Conditions Checklist; IFR Flight Form; George's Checklists; IFR Approach List; Bachelder's IFR Checklist; IFR Problem Areas; Instruction Preflight; ;JB's IFR Checklist; Planning 'Do-Lists'; Briefing Checklists; Checklist Complete, Ready;  IFR Briefing Checklists; Pre-Approach (5-A's);.Crew Call-Outs; Approach (14 Items); Post-Start Basics; IFR Flight Basics; Departure Procedures; CRAFT; First Leg Expectations; Departure; Arrival;

Page 7.16 IFR Training
WWII Air Force 10 IFR Commandments; How to Prepare for the Instrument; IFR Requirements; Instrument Training Time; Instrument Evaluation Time; Cockpit Check; Required Knowledge Areas; Knowledge/ performance Requirements; Acceptable Standards; Reasons for Failure; Sayings of Note; Resource Management/Judgment Test; Simulation During Practical Test; Checkride Failures; Seasoning the Instrument Program; The Oral; Application Form; Areas of Difficulty; IFR Arrival Briefing; IFR Final; Weather Reports and Forecasts; Why Examiners Test Weather; Weather Minimums; Navigation; Aircraft Systems; An Examiner's Questions; Required References; IFR Student Requirements; Electronic Bulletin Board; Know thy Self; Vertigo; Reaction; Why IFR?: Weather That Does Not Like IFR Flying; How Sweet It Is When; IFR/VFR Accidents Compared; Critical Weaknesses; Night IFR in IMC; Night IFR; Cautions at Night; IFR Accident Statistics; Runway Incursions; Altitude Deviation; Climbing/Descent in VFR; Special VFR (SVFR); IFR Ground; Logging Approaches; Preparing for an Instrument Approach Lesson; Setting Approach Limits; IFR Items; Making the Approach; New IFR Rating; IFR Rating in a Hurry; IFR Cockpit Organization; IFR Notes; IFR Flight Training Ideas

Page7.18 Not a Problem IFR Flying
A License to Learn; Flying Smart IFR; Saving Money; Safety Pilot; Hood 'Actual'; Safety Standards; Tape Recorder; Logging Time; Low approach; Cockpit Organization; Basic IFR Flight Skills; Having the Light Touch when IFR; Compass Turns Required when HI Dies; Standard Rate Turn Rule of Thumb; Steep Turns; Zero-Zero Takeoff Simulation; Right Seat IFR; Transitions; A Tight Grip; Flying so Flying is not Part of the IFR Problem; Trim; IFR Climb and Descent; All About Visibility; Using IFR IFR Rating Allows You to... VFR-on-Top; Rudder Trim in IFR; Altitude Selection; MOA Item; KISS Flying An IFR Solution to Turbulence; Items; Night IFR; Big Picture IFR into Small Places; Stabilize Early Technique; Emergency Knowledge; Six IFR Instrument ConfigurationsVacuum Failures; My Gyro Failure; Anticipate Your Expectations

Page 7.21 No Problem Flying
Standardized Controlled IFR Flying; Control Instruments; Performance Instruments; Redirect the Aircraft; Level Cruise; Approach Cruise; Level to Climbing Turn; Steep Turn; Cruise Descent; Slow Cruise Descent; Chop/Drop descent; Chop and Drop vs. Descent Profile; Approach; Level Bank; Level to Descent; Level Turn; Descent to Level; Cruise to Approach; Best Angle Climb, Vx; Best Rate Climb; Cruise Climb; Climbs; Leveling Off; Level Cruise to Low Cruise; Descent; Level from Descent; Cruise Descent; Turns; Approaches; Short Approach; Partial Panel; Routes; VOR Skills; PAR Simulation; No-Gyro Simulation; Training in Actual Conditions; Rule of Thumb Climb; Rule of Thumb Descent; Rule of Thumb Cold Wx Altimeter; Distractions? We Don't Need No Stinkin' Distractions; Low Visibility Takeoff; Prepping IFR Landings; Icing; Hand-flying in Marginal Conditions; Operational Chart; The Art of Anticipation; Playing the IFR Game; Estimations for Beech Sierra; Weather Statistics; IFR in Actual; Single-Pilot IFR; ...

Page 7.22 More No Problem Flying 
A License to Learn; Flying Smart IFR; Saving Money; Safety Pilot; Hood 'Actual'; Safety Standards; Tape Recorder; Logging Time; Low Approach; Cockpit Organization; Basic IFR Flight Skills; Having the Light Touch when IFR; Compass Turns Required When HI Dies; Standard Rate Turn Rule of Thumb; Steep Turns; Zero-Zero Takeoff Simulation; Right Seat IFR; Transitions; Flying so Flying is not Part of the IFR Problem; Trim; IFR Climb and Descent; Using IFR; IFR Rating Allows You to; VFR-on-Top; Rudder Trim in IFR; Altitude Selection; MOA Item; KISS Flying; An IFR Solution to Turbulence; Items; Night IFR; Big Picture IFR into Small Places; Stabilize Early Technique; Emergency Knowledge; Six IFR Instrument Configurations; Vacuum Failures; My Gyro Failure; Anticipate Your Expectations; Flying in Weather

Page 7.23 IFR in Four Thousand Words
IFR Approach Rules; Authorized Below if; At least ONE of; Missed Required; Why IFR?; IFR Skills; Letting George Do It; Whether or not Weather; No Fly Weather; Shortcuts; De Parts of Departure; Getting from Here to There; Getting on the Ground; Flying in Circles IFR; Talking IFR Airplane; Alternate Alternatives; Never Missing the Missed ApproachHolding on to the Hold; An Exercise in Futility; ... 

Page 7.24 IFR Instruments 
Turn Coordinator vs Needle; Attitude Indicator; Attitude Indicator Errors; AI Demonstration; Turn Coordinator; Needle and Ball; Heading Indicator; IFR Flying; Straight and Level; Rate Turns; IFR Steep Turns; .Altitude Control; Rate Altitude Changes; Airspeed Climbs; Airspeed Descents; Level Off; Compass; Visibility; Determining Visibility; Part 91 Visibility Factors; Flight Visibility; Ground Visibility; Low Visibility IFR; Single Pilot IFR; Tips for Safe, Single-Pilot IFR; IFR Descent; IFR to VFR Scud Running; Emergencies; What to Do; Why and How to Detect Instrument Failure; Airspeed Indicator; Vertical Speed Indicator; AI and HI Failure; Electric System Failure; Vacuum Failure; IFR Vacuum Failure; Pitot-Static Failure; System Cross-Check for Failure; Test of Judgment; Checklists; The 'Whys' of IFR Approach Crashes; Avoiding IFR Approach Accidents; IFR Needles; Horizontal Situation Indicator; IFR Facts Without Instruments; Physical Causes of Disorientation; Fluxgate Compass; Question and Answer

Page 7.26 IFR Emergencies
IFR Vacuum Failure; IFR Emergency Descent; Instructional Opinion; Emergency Use of Turn Coordinator; …Cockpit Weather


Page 7.28 IFR System
Genesis of the Approach; ATC at Work; Who's in Charge?; Using the System; Flight Check of IFR Navaids by FAA; Letters of Agreement; Major ATC Pilot Problems; ATC Separation; Final Approach; Block Altitudes; RADAR ATC Sectors; Separation Standards; Center Facilities; Radar Help;  RADAR Altitudes; IFR Separation from IFR; IFR Separation from VFR; VFR Separation from VFR; Visual Separation; Diverging Course; Radar Surface Movement; When ATC Screws-Up; Radar Failure; IFR Without Radar; ARTCC Weather Radar; Radar Service Terminated; LORAN; Global Positioning System (GPS); Uncontrolled Airspace; ATC Weather; Runways; Runway Departure Safety Zones; Instrument Departure's Three Zones of Obstacle Clearance; VASI; Tri-color VASI; PAPI; AWOS Weather; Reading Charts; IFR RNAV Charts; Using ATC in Emergencies; Letters for Words; Transition Level; Terminator Legs on Charts; New Way IFR; Navigational Database; STARS; Fixes; Altitude Database; ATC's Variables; Be Ready for IFR Changes; What Is IFR?IFR after 9/11Instrument Technology OriginsNow You're Playing in My Backyard

Page 7.29 IFR Systems Equipment
Why Jepp Charts and not NOS?; Charts; IFR Approach Charts; Nice to Know Things; Chart Legend; Highlight the Approach Plates; Approach Plates; IFR Charts; Chart NOTAMs; The Mean Level of the Sea; Altimeter Setting; Minimum Sector Altitudes; Minimum Safe Altitude; Departure Procedure Plate Calls; Jepp Charts; Chart Notes; Training Standards; Inoperative Tables; Transition Routes (Feeders); Preferred Routes; Tower En Route Control; Alternates; NOS Charts; NOS Layout; NOS Inoperative Tables; Open Triangle; Black Triangle T; Black triangle A; Other Items; NOS En-route; The ILS Has Five ComponentsPart 1 the Localizer; Part 2 The Glide Slope; Part 3 Outer marker;  Part 4 the Middle Marker (amber); Marker Beacons; Part 5 Approach Lighting System (ALS); Approach Lights; Smaller Airports Will Have; In-flight Visibility; RVR System; RVR is not a Measure of; Nine Required Visual Features for Landing; Airport Lighting; Compass Locator; Markers:; Radio Marker; Fan Marker; Bone Marker; Z Marker; On Top Terminology; IFR Terminology vs. Meaning; WAAS; LDA and SDF Approaches; VOR Basics for IFR; ILS Antenna

Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)(Six Chapters) 
Page7.311IFR Operations in the National Airspace System
Use This  >IPH Chapter One
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM…NOW 2004; …SYSTEM SAFETY; …RUNWAY INCURSIONS; …ATC SYSTEM COMMAND CENTER; …AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER; …TERMINAL RADAR APPROACH CONTROL; …CONTROL TOWER; …FLIGHT SERVICE STATIONS; …RELEASE TIME; …EXPECT DEPARTURE CLEARANCE TIME; …AREA NAVIGATION; …REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE; …GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; …REDUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMUMS; …FAA RADAR SYSTEMS; …SURFACE MOVEMENT GUIDANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM; …EXPECTATION OF ATC; …DISSEMINATING AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION AND AERONAUTICAL CHARTS; …INTERNATIONAL; …NAVIGATIONAL BASES; …PUBLICATION CRITERIA; …

Page 7.312Takeoffs and Departures
Use This > IPH Chapter Two
SAFETY IN THE DEPARTURE ENVIRONMENT; …SURFACE MOVEMENT SAFETY; …AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY; …SURFACE MOVEMENT GUIDANCE CONTROL SYSTEM; …AIRPORT SIGNAGE/LIGHTING/MARKINGS; …RUNWAY INCURSIONS; …RUNWAY HOTSPOTS; …STANDARDIZED TAXI ROUTES; …RUNWAY SAFETY PROGRAM; …TAKEOFF MINIMUMS; …RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE; …RUNWAY VISIBILITY VALUE; …PREVAILING VISIBILITY; …TOWER VISIBILITY; …ADEQUATE VISUAL REFERENCE; …AUTOMATED WEATHER OBSERVING SYSTEMS AND AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEMS; …AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE; …IFR ALTERNATE MINIMUMS; …DEPARTURE PROCEDURES AND DESIGN CRITERIA; …STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE/OBSTACLE DEPARTURE PROCEDURE; …FLIGHT PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS; …STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURES; …PILOT NAV AND VECTOR SIDS; …FLIGHT PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS; …PROCEDURAL NOTES; …DP RESPONSIBILITY; …PROCEDURES ASSIGNED BY ATC; …PROCEDURES NOT ASSIGNED BY ATC; …DEPARTURES FROM AIRPORTS WITHOUT AN OPERATING CONTROL TOWER; …GROUND COMMUNICATIONS OUTLETS; …OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE; …CLIMB GRADIENTS AND CLIMB RATES; …SEE AND AVOID TECHNIQUES; …AREA NAVIGATIONS DEPARTURES; …RNAV DEPARTURE PROCEDURES; …PILOT RESPONSIBILITY FOR USE OF RNAV DEPARTURES; …RADAR DEPARTURE; …DIVERSE VECTOR AREA; …NOISE ABATEMENT PROCEDURES; ...

Page 7.313En Route Operations
Use This > IPH Chapter Three
EN ROUTE OPERATIONS; …EN ROUTE NAVIGATION; …AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTERS; …PREFERRED IFR ROUTES; …SUBSTITUTE EN ROUTE FLIGHT PROCEDURES; …TOWER EN ROUTE CONTROL; …AIRWAY AND ROUTE SYSTEM; …MONITORING OF NAVIGATION FACILITIES;  …LOW FREQUENCY AIRWAYS/ROUTES; …VHF AIRWAYS/ROUTES; … VHF EN ROUTE OBSTACLE CLEARANCE AREAS; …PRIMARY AREA; …SECONDARY AREA; …NAVAID SERVICE VOLUME; …NAVIGATIONAL GAPS; …CHANGEOVER POINTS; …IFR EN ROUTE ALTITUDES; …MINIMUM EN ROUTE ALTITUDE; …MINIMUM OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE ALTITUDE; …MINIMUM VECTORING ALTITUDES; …MINIMUM RECEPTION ALTITUDE; …MINIMUM CROSSING ALTITUDE; …MAXIMUM AUTHORIZED ALTITUDE; …IFR CRUISING ALTITUDE OR FLIGHT LEVEL; …LOWEST USABLE FLIGHT LEVEL; …RADAR CONTACT REPORTING PROCEDURES; …POSITION REPORT ITEMS; …NON-RADAR POSITION REPORTS; …COMMUNICATION FAILURE; …CLIMBING AND DESCENDING EN ROUTE; …PILOT/CONTROLLER EXPECTATIONS; …AIRCRAFT SPEED AND ALTITUDE; …HOLDING PROCEDURES; …ATC HOLDING INSTRUCTIONS; …MAXIMUM HOLDING SPEED; …HIGH PERFORMANCE HOLDING; …FUEL STATE AWARENESS; …DIVERSION PROCEDURES; …EN ROUTE RNAV PROCEDURES; …OFF AIRWAY ROUTES; …DIRECT FLIGHTS; …RANDOM RNAV ROUTES; …OFF ROUTE OBSTACLE CLEARANCE ALTITUDE; …PUBLISHED RNAV ROUTES; …COMPOSITION OF DESIGNATORS; …USE OF DESIGNATORS IN COMMUNICATIONS; …RNAV MINIMUM EN ROUTE ALTITUDE; …MINIMUM IFR ALTITUDE; …WAYPOINTS; …USER-DEFINED WAYPOINTS; …FLOATING WAYPOINTS; …COMPUTER NAVIGATION FIXES; …NATIONAL ROUTE PROGRAM; …ADVANCED AREA NAVIGATION ROUTES; ...IFR TRANSITION ROUTES; …REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE; …REDUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMUMS; …

Page7.314 Arrivals
Use This > IPH Chapter Four
ARRIVAL; …TRANSITION FROM EN ROUTE; …TOP OF DESCENT; …DESCENT PLANNING; …CLEARED FOR APPROACH; …RADAR OUT OF SERVICE ; …PRESENT POSITION DIRECT; …RADAR VECTORS TO FINAL APPROACH COURSE; …HIGH PERFORMANCE AIRPLANE ARRIVALS; …AIRSPEED; …CONTROLLED FLIGHT INTO TERRAIN ; …STERILE COCKPIT CONCEPT; …ARRIVAL NAVIGATION CONCEPTS; …STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL ROUTES; …INTERPRETING THE STAR; …VERTICAL NAVIGATION PLANNING; …ARRIVAL PROCEDURES; …PREPARING FOR THE ARRIVAL; …REVIEWING THE APPROACH; …ALTITUDE; ...RNAV STARS OR STAR TRANSITIONS; …SPECIAL AIRPORT QUALIFICATION; …

Page7.315Approaches
Use This > IPH  Chapter Five
APPROACH PLANNING; …WEATHER CONSIDERATIONS; …WEATHER SOURCES; ;…BROADCAST WEATHER; …AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE (ATIS); …AUTOMATED WEATHER OBSERVING PROGRAMS; …CENTER WEATHER; …REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS; …PART 91 OPERATIONS; …Part 135 and 12l operations (skipped) 5-4/5; …PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS; …AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE OPERATING LIMITATIONS ; …APPROACH SPEED AND CATEGORY; …OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS ; …APPROACH CHART FORMATS; …APPROACH CHART NAMING CONVENTIONS; …STRAIGHT-IN PROCEDURES; …CIRCLING ONLY PROCEDURES; …AREA NAVIGATION APPROACHES; …COMMUNICATIONS; ...APPROACH CONTROL; …AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER (AARTCC); …AIRPORTS WITH AN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER ; …AIRPORTS WITHOUT AN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER; …PRIMARY NAVAID; …COURSES; …AREA NAVIGATION COURSES; …ALTITUDES; …MINIMUM SAFE ALTITUDE; …FINAL APPROACH FIX ALTITUDE; …MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE, ...DECISION ALTITUDE AND DECISION HEIGHT; …VERTICAL NAVIGATIONS; …WIDE AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM; …RNAV APPROACH AUTHORIZATION; …AIRPORT/RUNWAY INFORMATION; …INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE BRIEFING; …NAVIGATION AND COMMUNICATION RADIOS; …FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS; …AUTOPILOT MODES; …STABILIZED APPROACH; …DESCENT RATES AND GLIDE PATHS FOR NON-PRECISION APPROACHES; …TRANSITION TO VISUAL; …MISSED APPROACH; …EXAMPLE APPROACH BRIEFING; …INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE SEGMENTS; …FEEDER ROUTES; …TERMINAL ROUTES; …DME ARCS; …COURSE REVERSAL; …INITIAL APPROACH SEGMENT; …INTERMEDIATE APPROACH SEGMENT; …FINAL APPROACH SEGMENT; …MISSED APPROACH SEGMENT; …APPROACH CLEARANCE; …VECTORS TO FINAL APPROACH COURSE; …NON-RADAR ENVIRONMENT; …TYPES OF APPROACHES; …VISUAL AND CONTACT APPROACHES; …VISUAL APPROACHES; …CONTACT APPROACHES; …CHARTED VISUAL FLIGHT PROCEDURES (CVFP); …RNAV APPROACHES ; …TERMINAL ARRIVAL AREAS; …RNAV FINAL APPROACH DESIGN CRITERIA; …GPS OVERLAY OF NON-PRECISION APPROACH; …GPS STAND-ALONE/RNAV (GPS) APPROACH; …RNAV (GPS) APPROACH USING WAAS; …ILS APPROACHES; …ILS APPROACH CATEGORIES; …CAT II AND III APPROACHES; …ILS APPROACHES TO PARALLEL RUNWAYS; …PARALLEL; …SIMULTANEOUS; …PRECISION RUNWAY MONITOR (PRM); …CONVERGING; …MICROWAVE LANDING SYSTEM; …VOR APPROACH; …NDB APPROACH; …RADAR APPROACHES; …PRECISION APPROACH RADAR ; …AIRPORT SURVEILLANCE RADAR (ASR); …LOCALIZER APPROACHES; …LOCALIZER AND LOCALIZER DME; …LOCALIZER BACK COURSE; …LOCALIZER-TYPE DIRECTIONAL AID (LDA); …SIMPLIFIED DIRECTIONAL FACILITY;

Page7.316System Improvement Plans
Use This > IPH Chapter Six
FLEET IMPROVEMENT; …ELECTRONIC FLIGHT BAG; …INCREASING CAPACITY AND SAFETYINCREASING THE DEPARTURE/ARRIVAL RATE; …MORE RUNWAYS; …SURFACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT; …TERMINAL AIRSPACE REDESIGN; …SEPARATION STANDARDS; …MAINTAINING RUNWAY USE IN REDUCED VISIBILITY; …LAAS AND WAAS IMPLEMENTATION; …PRECISION RUNWAY MONITOR; …OFFSET FINAL APPROACH PATH; …REDUCING EN ROUTE CONGESTION; …MATCHING AIRSPACE DESIGN TO DEMANDS; …REDUCING VOICE COMMUNICATION; …AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSING AND REPORTING SYSTEM; …AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE-BROADCAST; …MODE S EXTENDED SQUITTER; …REDUCING VERTICAL SEPARATION; …REDUCING HORIZONTAL SEPARATION; …DIRECT ROUTING; …PRESENT POSITION (PPOS) DIRECT ROUTING; …ACCOMMODATING USER PREFERRED ROUTING; …IMPROVING ACCESS TO SPECIAL AIRSPACE; …HANDLING EN ROUTE SEVERE WEATHER; …DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY
In the Beginning...to the Future; ...

Page 7.32 IFR Procedures 
Items That Need A Home; ...Safety Pilots and Medicals; Partial Panel; Partial Panel Items; Things to Know About Partial Panel;  Holding Headings; Partial Panel Turns; Disorientation in Turbulence; Unusual Attitudes; Unusual Attitude Items; Unusual Attitude Recovery; Partial Panel Recovery; Graveyard Spiral Recovery; Finding the Runway; On Staying IFR; IFR Crosswind Landings; IFR Accidents; IFR Survival; IFR Illusions; IFR Departure; IFR Arrivals; No-Go Decisions; When One Head Has to Work for Two; IFR Flight Plans; Flight Plans to Nowhere; IFR Instruction; Items; Flying in the System; Working the IFR System; Flying MOAs; Handoff; GPS Problems; Side Notes; FAA Way; Not the FAA Way; Vectors; Real World IFR; IFR CCR to SCK; Scan Priority; Terminology; Approach Ideas; Negotiating with ATC; IFR Procedures; Approach Setup; On Getting ThereAnticipation Is the Name of the GameIFR Routes (Internet)


Page 7.34 IFR Procedures 
Part 91 IFR; VFR to IFR; IFR FARs; Violated while IFR; Airway Clearances; Departures; IFR Charts; Jeppeson Charted Items; Conversion Tables; Instrument Departure Procedures (DP); Standard Terminal Arrivals (STARS); Alternate Airport; You, ATC and Your Alternate; Alternate Alternates; Learning to Brief; Sample Approach Briefing; Preparation; You Need; How to Protect Yourself; One Planning System; Flying Approaches; Preflight Planning Do's; Don'ts; Clearances; CRAFTS; IFR Shorthand; Copying; Types of Clearances; When and When Not, Tower En RouteAs Filed; Tower En route; Pop-up; Pop-up Checklist; Pop-up Pick-up; Void Time Clearance, Variations on Clearances; Manual E6-B Climb Rate; 2004 Instrument Procedures Handbook

Page 7.36 IFR Missed Approaches Plus 
VFR-on-top (OTP); Procedures; Getting Vectors to the FAF; ATC Vector Strictures; Pilot Vector Strictures; Timing; Select a heading; Cleared for the Approach; Common Approach Elements; Approach Segments; Transition; Beginning of approach; Initial Segment; Intermediate Segment; Final Segment; Missed Approach Segment; The Missed; Step-Down Approach; Stabilized Approach; IFR Stabilized Approach Defined; Hidden Danger of a Stabilized Approach Full approach; Holding Pattern Approach; Coupled Approach; Missed Approach; Uncontrolled Airport Practice Missed Approaches; Missed Approach altitude; Missed Approach SurfaceEarly missed Approach; The Real World Missed; End of Approached 'Unexpecteds'; Missed Approach Planning; A Better Missed Approach; Missed do’s and don’ts; Rename the Missed; No Autopilot on Missed; Missed Mantra; IFR Dead Reckoning; Speed changes; Remote altimeter setting source (RASS); Required Fuel; Meanings of ‘Established’; Timing Method; Choosing between a Circle, Downwind or Diversion; The Missed is Not a Go-around;

Page 7.38 IFR Procedures
Reversing Direction for Approach; Procedure Turns; Calling the Procedure Turn; NoPT (No Procedure Turn); IFR Descents; Clearance on Unpublished Route; Procedures; Cautions:; Descent (Decision) Height; Airport in Sight; IFR to VFR Transitions; Initial Approach Fix; Uncontrolled Airport Arrival; VFR On Top; Cruise Clearance; Using En Route Options; IFR in VFR; Uncontrolled Airport Departure; Clearance Void Time; Hold for Release; Controlled Departure Time; Non-Radar IFR; Non-Radar Approach; Select a Heading; Visual Descent Point; VDP Lesson; Direct Clearances; IFR En route Navigation; TERPS Obstacle Clearance Chart; Obstacle Clearance; Circling; Visual Procedures; Items; When is a Procedure Turn NOT a Procedure Turn? ; Using SVFR to Depart Controlled Airspace into IFR

Page 7.42 All About Minimums
Circling to Land; Avoiding the Circle to Land; On Circling to Land; The Circle to Land; Circling Not Allowed; Missed Approach; More on Missed Approaches; Minimums; Altitude Call-Outs; Altitude Minimums; Maximum Elevation Minimums; Below Minimums Part 91 Operations; Standard Minimums; Personal IFR Minimums; Takeoff Minimums; Zero-Zero Takeoff; Climb Minimums; Non-Standard Minimums; Sidestep Minimums; Obstacle Clearance Minimums; Minimum Vector Altitudes; Minimum En Route Altitude (MEA); Minimum IFR Altitude; Minimum Safe Altitude; Minimums Off Airways; Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA); Descent Minimums; Circling Minimums; Non-ILS Circling Minimums; Straight-in Minimums; Estimated Time of Arrival Minimums; Alternate Airport Minimums; Minimum Sector Altitudes; Minimum Safe Altitudes; Rule of Thumb; Normal Landing after MDA; FAA Separation Requirements; Minimum En route AltitudesRequired Navigational PerformanceGlossary

  Page 7.44 IFR Scanning 
Instrument Scan; Scan Lessons; Scan Method; Ready for IFR; Scan; Power, Attitude, Configuration = Performance; Flying Problems; General Solutions; Turns to Headings; Getting a Scan; Knowing Where to Look; Climb to Level; Climb and Descent-Scan; Climbing Rate Turn; Scan Instruction for Level; Scan Instruction for Cockpit Operations; Scan Instruction for Airspeed Adjustment; Detecting Instrument Failure; The Silent Emergency; The Other Instruments Scan; Scan During System Failure; Failures on Approach; Primary and Supporting Instruments; Scan Priority; IFR Scan; Scan Ideas; Things to Consider; The Scan You Use Will Be Your Own; SCAN; Straight and Level; Straight Rate Climbs and Descents; Straight Airspeed Climb and Descent; Level Turns; Turning Climbs and Descents; Climb; Turning Descent; IFR Mnemonics; Approach Briefing; An Approach Checklist; Pre-Approach Mnemonic; IFR Perceptions; Rules of Thumb; Scan Improves with Age

Page 7.46 IFR Flight Lessons 
IFR Lessons; Lesson 1.1; Lesson 1.2; Lesson 1.3; Lesson 1.4; Lesson 1.5; Lesson .1.6; Lesson 1.7; Lesson 1.8 - Airspeeds; Lesson 2 - Vertical S; Steep Turns; Lesson 3 - Timed Turns; Lesson 4 - Pattern A; How we Got Pattern A and B; Olympic Pattern; LESSON 5 - VOR/Reversals; Lesson 6 - Holding; Lesson 7 - Holding ; Lesson 8 - ADF; Lesson 9 - ATC Procedures; Lesson 11 - Unusual attitudes; Gotch ya; Lesson 12 - DME Arcs;  Emergency; Safety Pilot Experience; Review Flight; Lesson in Success; Airway Lesson; Knowing EnoughFirst IFR Lesson in VFR Followed by Hood

Page 7.48 More IFR Flight Lessons  
Basics Come before Approaches; Airspeed Control Lesson; Tracking from/to VORs with Intersections and COPs Lesson; IFR Flight Planning CCR to APC; Student Preparation; First, all Headings; Second All Altitudes; Third, All Radios; Fourth, Communications; Another CCR to APC Lesson; IFR CCR to OAK; IFR Concord to Oakland and back to CCR; IFR CCR to SAC; IFR CCR to SCK; Return to CCR; CCR to MOD ILS-28; MOD to LVK Clearance; Retread Flight Lessons 1 Through 6; Holding Lesson (s); Unable to Draw Patterns; Emergency IFR Descent from VFR; Circling at Concord; IFR Training FlightWeb Plates and Flight Planning

Page 7.52 Illusions
About Illusions; The proprioceptive System; Night Lights;  Airport Illusions; IFR Precepts; You and Illusions; Black Hole Landing; Narrow Runway; Wide Runway; Down Slope Runway; Variable Visibility Approach; Rain; Creating Graveyard Spiral; Creating Autokinesis Illusion; Creating Elevator Illusion; Creating Coriolis Illusion; Creating a False Horizon; Creating Inversion Illusion; Creating the Leans; Lighting Illusions; Rain Effect; Vertigo; Spatial Disorientation; Why?;

Page 7.54 IFR Radio
IFR Communications the Way It Ought to Be; IFR Communications; Required IFR Communications; Malfunction Reports; Differences in IFR Communications; Procedures; Preset Radios; Preflight Plan for Lost Communications; Negotiated Clearances; Usage Rules; Radar Reporting; AIM Advisory Reports; Not on Radar; Procedure Turn Outbound; Required Reports No Contact; Other Reports Required: Required FAR Reports; AIM Reports are...; Altitude Reports; Reporting the Marker; Lost Communications; Fly the Route; Fly the Altitude; Fly the Altitude Problems; Fly the Approach; Expect Further Clearance; Re: Required by regulations vs. A Good Operating Practice; Transponder; ATIS; Position Report; Non-Radar Position Reporting; Type of Flight Plan; .IFR Radio; Ground Communications Outlet (GCO); What Gives with Clearance Delivery?; Basic IFR Communications, 300# Gorilla Flying IFR, All of IFR Radio Briefly; ...In the Beginning;(13 sub topics) ...Filing IFR Flight Plans;(3) ...On Our Way;10) ...Departures;(1) ...En Route;(20) ...Arrival;(17) ...Expecting the Unexpected;(11) ... 

Page 7.56 Holding 
Why the Hold; The Way Holding Should Be; Sayings; Holding; Course Reversal Entries; The Fix; Information Provided by ATC; Timing; The Why of Timing; Timing Using the E6-B Computer; Holding Airspace; ATC Directions; Sum-of-the-Digits; The Pilot Must Know; Radar/Radio Surveillance; Situational Awareness; Wind; Getting Reciprocals; NDB Holding; Entries; NDB Holding Simplified; FAF Using NDB; Radios; Changing the OBS; Basic Components; Holding Directions; Diagramming the Hold; More Pattern Analysis; How to Study; Direct Entries; Non-direct Entries; Simple Parallels; Y-Intersections; Changing Frequencies and OBS;  Using the Heading Indicator to Hold; Simple Holding;  Thinking Through the Hold; Off Airways; Single VOR Holding; DME Holding; The Clearance; Clearance Types; Standards; Course Reversal Holding and Procedure Turns; Approach Holds; Clearance Simulation; Holding Peculiarities; Bay Area Intersections; Exercise II; Intersections and Airways; Using the Clock; A Holding Experience; Single Nav Holding; The Holding Pattern; VOR Holding Electronic Situational Awareness Errors;  New Look at Holding;  Changing OBS and Frequencies; Gene and Aaron; Holding Pattern another Way

Page 7.58 DME, ILS
In the Beginning; ILS Charts in the Making; IFR Approach Basics; Prevention Plan for ILS Mistakes; Need to Know Things; Use All Your Navaids; At the Marker; ILS Specifics; About the ILS; Flying the ILS; Downwind ILS Approach; Personal IFR Limits; DME; DME Arc; Bracketing; Centered Method:; 10 Degree Method:; DME Items; DME Arc Another Way; DME Requires a Different Kind of AnticipationILS Approach; ILS Method; ILS Another Way; Single Pilot ILS; Taking Charge; Pre-approach Setup Order of Importance; Eight Stages of the ILS; Fly the ILS with Rudder; ILS Partial Panel; Partial Panel Is an Emergency; Instructional Exercise; A Better ILS; ILS Dot Measure; ILS Accidents; ILS Safe Space; Downwind ILS; Category 1 ILS; ILS Failure; Catching ILS Malfunctions; Emergency; ILS and TERPs; PTS for ILS; ILS Test:; ILS-IFR-PTS; Rule of Thumb Compass Turns; ILS Glide Slope; The Glidepath is not a Glide Slope; The ILS from 200 Feet; ILS Basics; ILS Back Course; Timing the ILS; Hands-off ILS; ILS Parameters; False Glide Slopes; Monterey Plate

Page 7.62 All Other Approaches
Non-precision Approaches; Approach Minimums for Non-Precision; Complex Approach Minimums; Stepping Up to the Step-Down Approach; A Lesson; The Best of a Bad Approach; IFR Go-Arounds; Go-Around Essentials; Straight-in Approach; Localizer Approaches; Checking Localizer; VOR Approaches; VOR Minimums; Off Airport Facilities; On Airport Navaids; Intercepting a Radial; VOR Checks; ADF Features; Non Directional Beacon Approach; NDB Flying; Standard Outbound Tracking; Intercepting a Bearing; ADF Orientation; Simple NDB Approach; Final Approach Tracking; NDB Cold Approach; If You're Fussy; GPS; GPS Approaches; GPS Instruction; GPS in an Emergency; GPS as an Emergency Wing Leveler; GPS as a Substitute; Emergency ADF Use; Instructor Created ADF Approach; Visual Procedures; Visual Approach; Contact Approach; ATC and Visual Approaches; Types of Vectors; Pilot Responsibility Using Vectors; ATC Responsibility Giving Vectors; Approach by Vectors; Vectors and Not Talking; Charted Flight Visual Procedures (CFVP); Pilot Responsibilities; ATC Responsibilities; PAR (GCA) Approach (obsolete); Been There; Done That; Airport Surveillance Radar Approach (ASR); No-Gyro Approach; Visual Descent Points; IFR Mountain Approaches; Circling No-Nos, Maybes and Must Do's; Circling Cautions; RNAV; Transponder Landing System; Uses of ADF/NDB; More about GPSIFR GPS

Page 7.64 Instrument Proficiency Review
FAA Instrument Proficiency Requirements 2004; All Available Information; IFR Proficiency; IFR Proficiency Factors; IFR Proficiency2; Instrument Proficiency Review; Instrument Proficiency Check; Plan and Checklist; Knowledge Portion of Proficiency Review; Skill Portion of Proficiency Review; Performance Areas of the Proficiency Review; Endorsement for Proficiency Review; Staying Current; Required Performance; Required Skills; What is the 2/2/20 Club?; Emergencies; Past Student Errors; Competence Trap; IFR Currency; Review Flight Using Partial Panel; Solo IFR; Remedial IFR; VFR Checkout of IFR Pilot; Take Proficiency over Currency; Currency Under FAR 51.57; Instructor IdeasPartial Panel the Old Way; IFR Inexperience;  

Page 7.66 PTS Oral
Instrument PTS Changes as of 10-01-04 Applicant Requirements; IFR Oral; Aspects of the Oral; Clearances and the PTS; Questions and Answers; Questions Looking for Answers;   Compass; ..Icing; Induction Icing; Cold Front; Types of Airport Lighting Systems; Other Lights; More Lights;

Page 7.68 PTS IFR Oral
Click on BOLD line below to go to page.
Questions and Answers
…Over Three hundred fifty IFR questions and answers;…
The Written

Page 7.72 IFR Student 
Click on BOLD line below to go to page.
. . . Twenty-one Instructional Experiences; A series of Instructional Flights; First Flight; #2; #3; #4; #5; #6; #7; #8; #9; #10; #11; #12; #13; #14; #15; #16; #17;  #18; Student's Story of Night Flight; 'Retread' Lesson 5; Retread Lesson 6; Retread Lesson 7;

  Page 7.74 Checkrides
2004 Instrument Rating PTS; Checkride Musts ; IFR Checkride Items to Know; Instrument PTS; IFR PTS Navigation; VOR Skills; Terms; Reports; Radio Failure; Subjects Covered; Flight Test; Oral Exam; Icing; Checkride Failures; Checkride; Summary; Something Else I Learned;  A Checkride; Had my IFR Checkride Today; Passed on Third Try; IFR Checkride; IFR Checkride; IFR Checkride (Opinion); IFR Checkride; .The IFR Checkride; IFR Training Flight; Still Another IFR Checkride; A Collection of Reasons IFR Checkrides Were FailedMy IFR CheckrideHow to Prepare;   Expectations on Successful IFR Checkrides;  Instrument Rating Checkride PASSED; 2005 IFR Checkride

Page 7.80Want to be a CFI.
How and Why I Became a CFI; ...Federal Order 5190.6a; …Gene's Experience; … Regarding CFI Checkride Failures Due to Unairworthy Aircraft; …Major CFI Applicant Problem Areas; …Everything Goes in the CFI Checkride; …CFI Instruction Questions; …Why CFIs Fail Checkrides; …CFI Training; …The CFI Checkride; …CFI Checkride Failures (Opinions) ; ...CFI Insurance; ...CFI Checkride; …Transcript of a Failed CFI Employment Checkride; …Instructional Safety; ...Advice to CFI Wantabe; ...Advice to CFI on Checkride; ...CFI Checkride2; …Instructor as PIC; …Kind vs. Amount; …CFI PTS; …CFI Items; … Part 61 Format; … CFI Obligations; …Instructional Methods; … Lesson Plan Judgment; …Instructional Liability; … Testing Techniques; ...AOPA-AFS Policy…NOTE; ...CFI Questions and AnswersOut of the Box Talking Points for Instructing InstructorsInstructional Sequence; ...Specific Aircraft;...Preflight Aspects; ...Cockpit Organization; ...Pre- Start; ...Start; ...Taxi Skills; ...Run-up; ...Departure Request; ...Takeoff; ...Climbing Exercises; ...En Route Skills; ...Arrival Procedures; ...Trim; ...Cessna; ...Teaching SVFR; ...Rudder and Brakes; ...Heading Bug; ...Basic Flight Skills; ...Slow flight; ...Turns; ...Stalls; ...Uncontrolled Airport Arrivals; ...Night Training; ...IFR Instruction on Ground; ...IFR Instruction in the Air; ...On integrated InstructionTraining the CFIThe Thing about InstructorsKnowing When to Solo a Student; A Debt I OweSport Pilot CFI; ...CFI Accountability; ...CFI Requirements; ...After the CFI...What? ...CFI Presentation; "The Prediction Principle for New Flight Instructors"...Glossary; ...Concerns; ...

Page7.81 Flight Instructor Training Module
CFI Review Information
, Index Volume I FITSTerminologyDefinitions; Introduction1; Additional FITS  Resources; Volume 2 Course Developer’s Guide; People; Procedures, Equipment; Facilities, Risk Management; MatrixPractical Risk Management ToolsVolume 3: Course Developers’Guide; Introduction2Likelihood Scale of Definitions; Severity Scale DefinitionsFlow Chart System Safety Process; Pilot JudgmentSafety Decision Process; Training Methodology; Questions to Ask; Obstacles and Constraints; CFIT Scenario; Developing Training Scenarios; Scenario Lesson Plan #1; Mitigation Strategies and Resources; Factors of CFIT ScenarioAlternatives1; Training Materials; Lesson Plan #2Lesson Plan #3; ConclusionLesson Plan Format; FITS Challenge; Scenario Based Training (SBT); Federal Air Regulations; Single Pilot Resource Management; TECHNICALLY ADVANCED AIRCRAFT; Sample ScenarioAeronautical Decision Making (AC60-22); DECIDE Process; Hazardous AttitudesCrew Resource Management; Aeronautical Decision Making; DECIDEManeuvers; Pre-Lesson Briefing; Demonstration-Performance Teaching; Stalls, Spins, Pre-solo Flight Training; Required Knowledge; FAR Part 91; Ground Instruction Proficiency Review:; Regulations; Flight Instruction Proficiency Review; The Flight ReviewLegal Requirements of an Aircraft; Legal Requirements of a Pilot;  System Safety; The Poker Scenario; Accidents; Risk Resolution; I’M SAFE; Aeronautical Decision Making2; Pre-Planning Your Accident Survival; Be Prepared; Survival is Pre-Determined by What You Are; Mind Set is Essential; The Accident; First Aid; Post Accident; Emergency Kit; The Six C’s of Survival; Fear has Symptoms; The Enemy Survival Needs Knowledge, Skill and Luck; Influenced by fatigue, stress, overload, complacency; Controlled Flight into Terrain; Student Pilot's Written Tests on Essential Knowledge:…

Page 7.84 Commercial
Commercial Questions; Commercial Maneuvers; Commercial Maneuver Change in 2002; Commercial Requirements; Commercial Oral; Change in the PTS; Advice to Roy; Commercial PTS; Lazy Eight; Turns on a Point; Chandelle Basics; Chandelle Revisited; Seven Commercial Checkrides; Twins About Twins; Recovery from Rollover; Basic Multi Engine Performance; Twin Commercial Checkride; Basic Aerobatics as a Requirement for the Commercial Pilot Certificate; The Commercial Training Continues

Page 8.90 Gene Whitt's WWII 
Offer; 58th Bomb Wing Memorial Info Page 1; Page 2; Page 3; Page 4; The Supersonic Trainer; Aside; A Pair of Dice as a Going Away Present; In the Beginning; St Pete and Clearwater for basic training; Souix Falls S.D. Basic Radio and Code; Madison, Wisconsin Electronics and Spartan Barracks; Boca Raton, FL Radar, Loran, and Sand; Greensboro, NC Waiting for Shipment Overseas; Aside; By Air to Africa; Casablanca; Scams; Cairo, Egypt; Karachi, India; Karagapur and the 468th; Tokyo Rose at Night; Lili Pons and Andre Kostalanez; Calcutta; Christmas Eve 1944 Air Raid; THE JAPANESE BOMB FUSE; B-25 Accident; The Spitfire; Buzz Job by Pacific Pioneer; Gunga Din; Singapore B-29 Mission; Leaving India on the McCrea; Ship Model; Member of the R Division; Meeting King Neptune; Melbourne, Australia; Townsville and New Guinea; Tinian; British Tents vs. American Tents; Washing Machines; Odometer Read-out of Position;We Expect an Invasion on Tinian with Empty Guns ...Tinian's Carnivorous Ants;.Unsafe Roads; 58th Wing Training Center; The Penny; . .Two Engine B-29 Returns for Landing; Takeoff Emergency on Tinian; Memories of the EDDIE ALLEN;.War's End; Swoose; Lindberg Connection; .Last Hurrah; First B-29 Low-Level Fire Bombing Mission Field OrderThree LossesKitty HawkLittle Known WWII FactEnding the War on TerrorismHMS Rohna; ...Email to Walter of Australia, ...What Happened to 58th Bomb Wing Aircraft; ...Operations Research; 

Page 8.922Basic WWII IFR Aircraft Control
WWII Instrument Instruction Manual 
...OUTLINE OF BASIC INSTRUMENT FLYING SYLLABUS; ...WWII AIR FORCE 10 IFR COMMANDMENTS; ...Pilot error 50 years ago; An 80-year Old Joke

Page 8.925 About Page 7.935
The Nagasaki Atom Bomb

Page 8.928 WWII Supersonic Trainer
WWII Supersonic Trainer
Associated pictures, drawings and chart;...On Simulators, ...Representation of Reality; ...Mathematical Model of Flight; ...Simulation without Combat Time; ...The Supersonic Trainer; ...War that Won't End; ...Airborne Radar; ...ATOMIC BOMB MISSION OVER NAGASAKI; . ...WWII Nagasaki Chart; ...Facts about the Bomb; ...Truth about the B-29 R3350 Engine; ...

Page 8.942 First Fire Bombing of Tokyo
A collection of pictures on the Field Order by General Le May to fire bomb Tokyo.

WWII Secret Radar History 
In the Beginning; ...Talking Radar; ...Overview; Where Credit Lies; ...GCA; ...Radar over Japan; ...LORAN and Gee; ...Radar Bombers; ...H2X Bombing; ...Eagle; ...German Radar; ...Weather; ...IFF; ...Night Fighter; ...Low Level Bombing; ...SHORAN; ...Anzio; ...CBI; ...Toward Japan; ...Anti-Sub; ...Navigation; ...Ferrets at Work; ...Offset Bombing; ...Pacific Islands; ...Jamming Omaha; ...Bulge Battle; ...Ferreting Japan; ...Anti-Jamming; ...Radomes; ...Early Warning; ...Radar Guns; ...New and Newest; ... ApQ-23 Training   WWII History of Radar (33 Topics)

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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