Page 7.26 IFR Emergencies
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IFR Vacuum Failure; …IFR Emergency Descent; …Instructional Opinion; …Emergency Use of Turn Coordinator; …Cockpit Weather

IFR Vacuum Failure
The Cessna 182S POH (actually all the new Cessna manuals say pretty much the same thing) also covers emergency operation in clouds where a total vacuum system failure is suspected and "the pilot is not completely proficient in instrument flying.
Executing a 180 degree turn in clouds: "Upon inadvertently entering the clouds, an immediate plan should be made to turn back as follows:
1. Note the compass heading.
2. Using the clock, initiate a standard rate left turn, holding the turn coordinator symbolic airplane wing opposite the lower left index mark for 60 seconds. Then roll back to level flight by leveling the miniature airplane.
3. Check accuracy of the turn by observing the compass heading which should be the reciprocal of the original heading.
4. If necessary, adjust heading primarily with skidding motions rather than rolling motions so that the compass will read more accurately.
5. Maintain altitude and airspeed by cautious application of elevator control. Avoid over controlling by keeping the hands off the control wheel as much as possible and steering only with rudder."

IFR Emergency Descent
The procedures for an emergency descent through clouds are similar, using power to set up a 500 to 800 ft/min rate of descent, trim for 80 KIAS and keeping the hands off the control wheel, steering only with the rudder, using the compass for maintaining heading rather than the gyro. Recovery from a spiral dive into the clouds involves retarding the throttle to idle, using rudder and aileron to level the wings of the artificial plane on the TC, cautiously reducing airspeed to 80 KIAS, then keeping hands off the control wheel and steering using only rudder. Clear the engine occasionally, but avoid using enough power to disturb your trimmed glide. On breaking out of the clouds, resume normal flight. For these two procedures Cessna recommends maintaining a heading of W or E in order to minimize compass error.

Instructional Opinion
Because the procedure uses a turn and slip indicator instead of a turn coordinator and recommends only a 3/4 needle deflection, using a clock to time the turn is not practical. I would make sure the wings are level on the turn indicator and check the compass heading as the first step in this procedure rather than guessing what the reciprocal of my original heading was before I started changing pitch and power settings.

The idea of keeping the hands off the control yoke from the very beginning is to keep the pilot from over controlling the plane. Note that Cessna only recommends that you use the yoke to level the wings or start a standard rate turn, which should be easy enough for anyone. The difference is that Cessna recommends making your 180 with a standard rate turn using a turn coordinator, while the other recommendation is using 3/4 needle deflection on the T&S. After that it is hands off the controls. Not only does keeping the hands off the controls keep you from over controlling roll, but it also keeps you from messing with the carefully trimmed pitch that you set up for these emergencies. The compass and turn indicators are used because the vacuum system may have failed and because the turn indicator is actually simpler to use in this situation. The rudder is also used because it induces less compass error. The procedure also emphasizes slowing the airplane down, a good idea. Using high RPM propeller will also give you faster power response if you should break out of the clouds and suddenly find yourself heading for an obstruction. Student pilots should practice all these emergency procedures under the hood with an instructor. The instructor can cover the vacuum instruments to help the student concentrate on the turn coordinator and the compass.
Cecil E. Chapman"

Emergency Use of Turn Coordinator
--Best to do considerable "rudder only' flying
--Center the turn needle with the rudder and keep it centered using only rudder
--Hands off the flight controls.
--Lower the landing gear.
--Reduce the power above a high idle.
--Trim to its predetermined airspeed.
--Propeller pitch full forward
--Power to the predetermined setting.
--Expect airspeed oscillations
--Check the compass heading.
-- Turn with the rudder.
--Roll out on the desired heading using lead or lag if relying on a magnetic compass
--Altitude is changed using power supplemented by rudder pressure to maintain heading

Cockpit Weather
We display on an iPAQ 4700 PDA, using AnyWhereMap software with XM weather.
AnywhereMap (control vision) has a $2200 PDA system for which you can get TAF, METAR, and NEXRAD for $30/mo from XM radio.

Yes, as of version 3.0 of Jeppview/FlightDeck you get moving map (vector based/geo-referenced) en route charts. Likewise for pretty much every approach plate. The only procedures it will not depict you flying over are the ones that where route lengths are butchered to fit all on one page (many SIDs/STARs are like this).

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